_ © Paul Smit 2006-2022

Schwa – the /ə/ sound

What is the schwa sound? (video, 3.18 minutes)

Summary

(Review this summary if you can’t answer one of the questions in the quiz below)


In the phonemic chart, the schwa sound is represented by this symbol /ə/. The schwa is the shortest vowel and is always unstressed and is the most common of the 12 single vowel sounds in English. All five written vowel symbols can be pronounced /ə/ if they are in an unstressed syllable. The following examples show words in which the 5 written vowels are pronounced /ə/ in British English.*

a – capital, national, character, banana
e – sickness, cancel, calendar, different
i – gossip, optimist, pupil, positive
o – forget*, purpose, progress (v)*
u – campus, success, suspect (v) industry
* In some of these words, these vowels may not be pronounced as a schwa in American English.

The key is that the schwa NEVER OCCURS IN A STRESSED SYLLABLE, but not every vowel in an unstressed syllable is a schwa.

Knowledge check

Why is knowing about the schwa so important?

If I can teach my students one thing to help them with their speaking and listening, I will always teach them about the schwa before anything else. It’s the most important topic related to pronunciation, and increasing your knowledge of the schwa will help you improve both your listening and your speaking more than anything else I could teach you. The schwa is very important in the stress and rhythm (the ‘music’) of spoken English and is an important part of connected speech. If you want to speak natural-sounding English and to understand native speakers, you need to understand the schwa sound.

The schwa and syllable stress in words (video, 6.04 minutes)

The schwa and sentence stress (video, 6.42 minutes)

Knowledge check

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